Cameroon is often nicknamed « Africa in miniature » due to the impressive diversity of its landscapes, cultures, and, above all, its biodiversity. The country is home to more than 900 bird species, nearly 300 mammal species, and an exceptional flora that ranges from coastal mangroves to the dense forests of the Congo Basin, including the Sudanese savannahs and the volcanic mountains of the West.

This natural wealth constitutes a major asset not only for ecological balance but also for economic and social development. Forest, wildlife, and aquatic resources support the livelihoods of millions of Cameroonians and represent irreplaceable natural capital. However, this biodiversity is currently threatened by several factors.

Deforestation linked to logging, extensive agriculture, and road infrastructure is weakening ecosystems. Poaching and the illegal trade in species are endangering iconic animals such as elephants and large primates. Increasing urbanization and industrialization are also leading to the loss of natural habitats. Added to this are the effects of climate change, which disrupt natural cycles, affecting forest regeneration and water availability.

There are several possible avenues to reverse this trend. First, it is crucial to strengthen the management of protected areas and nature reserves. Cameroon already has a network of national parks, but their effectiveness depends on available financial and human resources. Second, local communities must be encouraged to become actively involved in conservation. This includes agroforestry projects, sustainable resource use, and raising awareness among younger generations.

Furthermore, the implementation of strong public policies and incentives for businesses to adopt environmentally friendly practices is essential. Finally, international cooperation plays a key role, as Cameroon’s biodiversity is an integral part of world heritage and contributes to the global ecological balance.

Preserving Cameroon’s biodiversity means protecting an inestimable resource, guaranteeing food security for populations, and maintaining ecosystems essential to the survival of humanity.